Key Stage 1 · Year 1 · ages 5 or 6
Year 1 English: what your child learns
In Year 1 children learn to read by blending the 40-plus sounds of English, and to spell those sounds, the days of the week and tricky words. They form letters and digits, say a sentence aloud before writing it, and start using capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks. Books matched to the sounds they know build fluency, and the phonics screening check takes place in June.
Guides for parents
Year 1 English
Checking and sharing writing
How Year 1 children learn to reread their writing to check it makes sense, talk about it with others and read it aloud clearly, with common slips and home ideas.
Year 1 English
Saying and sequencing sentences
How Year 1 children learn to say what they will write, compose a sentence aloud before writing it and put sentences in order to make a short story, with ideas for home.
Year 1 English
How words make sentences
How Year 1 children learn that words combine in a particular order to make a sentence, join ideas with ‘and’ and put sentences in order to tell a short story.
Year 1 English
Spaces and sentence punctuation
How Year 1 children learn finger spaces, capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks, with a worked example, common mistakes and home ideas.
Year 1 English
Plurals, verb endings and un-
What Year 1 children learn about adding -s and -es to make plurals, adding -ing, -ed and -er to verbs, and using the prefix un-, with a worked example and ideas for home.
Year 1 English
Capital letters and digits
How Year 1 children learn to form capital letters and the digits 0 to 9 correctly and confidently, why numbers get reversed, and simple ways to practise at home.
Year 1 English
Pencil grip and letter formation
How Year 1 children learn to sit well, hold a pencil comfortably and form lower-case letters in handwriting families, with common problems and easy ways to help at home.
Year 1 English
Understanding what we read and hear
How Year 1 children learn to understand stories: using what they know, checking a text makes sense, discussing titles and events, making inferences and predicting.
Year 1 English
Talking about books together
How Year 1 children learn to talk about books: joining a discussion, taking turns, listening to others, giving opinions and explaining their ideas clearly.
Year 1 English
Enjoying stories, rhymes and poems
How Year 1 children build a love of reading by listening to stories, traditional tales, rhymes, poems and non-fiction, retelling them and learning new words.
Year 1 English
Prefixes, suffixes and dictation
How Year 1 children add -s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er, -est and un- to words, learn simple spelling rules and write short sentences from memory when a teacher reads them out.
Year 1 English
ff, ll, ss, zz, ck, tch, nk, ve
Year 1 spelling patterns explained for parents: ff, ll, ss, zz and ck, nk, tch, words ending -ve, and splitting words into syllables, with examples and home ideas.
Year 1 English
Adding -s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er, -est
How Year 1 children add the endings -s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er and -est to words that do not change, with a worked example, common mistakes and ideas to try at home.
Year 1 English
Vowel spellings: ai, ay, oi, oy, ee, ea and more
Year 1 vowel spellings explained: ai and ay, oi and oy, a-e and other split digraphs, ar, ee, ea, er, ir and ur, with a worked example, mistakes and home ideas.
Year 1 English
Vowel spellings: oo, oa, ow, igh, air and more
More Year 1 vowel spellings for parents: oo, oa, oe, ou, ow, ue, ew, ie, igh, or, ore, aw, au, air, ear and are, with a worked example, mistakes and home ideas.
Year 1 English
Words ending -y; ph, wh and k
Year 1 spelling explained for parents: words ending in y like happy, the ph and wh spellings in dolphin and when, and using k for the k sound, with home ideas.
Year 1 English
Prefix un-, compound and tricky words
How Year 1 children learn to spell words with the prefix un-, compound words like football, and common exception words like said and was, with ideas to try at home.
Year 1 English
Spelling with phonics
How Year 1 children use phonics to spell: splitting words into sounds, choosing letters and digraphs, and spelling words like stop and frog, with home ideas.
Year 1 English
Spelling sounds, tricky words and the alphabet
How Year 1 children learn to spell: breaking words into sounds, choosing letters, learning tricky words and the days of the week, and knowing the alphabet.
Year 1 English
Capitals for names, days and I
How Year 1 children learn to use capitals for sentences, names, places, days and I, and to choose a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.
Year 1 English
Spaces and joining with ‘and’
How Year 1 children learn to leave spaces between words, hear where spoken sentences end and join words and short sentences with ‘and’, with examples and home ideas.
Year 1 English
Word endings, longer words and contractions
How Year 1 children read words with endings like -ing and -ed, longer words, contractions such as I’m and we’ll, and why rereading decodable books builds fluency.
Year 1 English
Phonics, blending and tricky words
How Year 1 children use phonics to read: matching letters to sounds, blending unfamiliar words, alternative spellings, tricky words and the June screening check.
Everything in the Year 1 English curriculum
The National Curriculum topics for Year 1, in the order the National Curriculum lists them.
Spoken language
- Listening, asking questions and joining in conversations (Key Stage 1)
- Explaining, describing and sharing ideas (Key Stage 1)
- Speaking clearly to an audience (Key Stage 1)